New foreign direct investment rules for e-commerce

Marketplace model preferred over inventory - online selling

Both - Walmart owned Flipkart and Amazon - are scrambling to reconfigure ownership structures. India modified foreign direct investment (FDI) rules for its e-commerce sector making both global retail giants sit up.
Two e-commerce models exist - marketplace and inventory. India allows 100 percent FDI in the marketplace model which it defines as a tech platform that connects buyers and sellers. India does not allow FDI in inventory-driven models where the goods and services are owned by an e-commerce firm that sells directly to retail customers.
Small online sellers accuse Amazon and Flipkart of violating the spirit of the law, that they offer deep discounts by manipulating structures and pretend to be in line.
New rules state that inventory of a seller or vendor will be seen as being controlled by a marketplace if the vendor purchases more than 25 percent of its inventory from the marketplace. The rule imposes restrictions on sellers on Flipkart and Amazon - no bulk purchases from wholesale units. Aim is to protect India’s vast unorganized retail sector that cannot offer big discounts. Amazon and Flipkart will thus be able to operate only the marketplace model in India.
Existing regulations state that e-commerce firms cannot exercise ownership over the goods sold on their online marketplace.

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“Both Amazon and Flipkart developed complicated seller structures that helped them comply with the inventory control rule while exercising some level of control over inventory. ..”
“.. The new regulation replaces a rule that said an e-commerce firm could not permit one vendor’s retail sales to overshoot 25 percent of the overall sales of the marketplace by value in a fiscal year. ..”

“.. The rules now bar any entity in which an e-commerce firm or its group companies have a stake from selling on their online platform.
.. Amazon, which had been picking up stakes in offline Indian retailers ..
The U.S. company’s investment arm owns a 5 percent stake in Indian department store chain Shopper’s Stop. .. stake in the More retail chain. Amazon also owns a minority stake in the parent companies of Cloudtail and Appario, ..”
“.. The sellers can, however, choose to have a preferred online partner.
Amazon and Flipkart launch products such as smartphones exclusively on their online portals and apps. .. e-commerce firms are unlikely to use the word “exclusive” anymore and will likely re-negotiate contracts to give brands more freedom to sell elsewhere. ..”
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Find this at https://www.reuters.com/article/india-ecommerce-explainer-idINKCN1PP1XS .
This is from Jan 2019.
So this is a mater of concern for global retail giants, and that’s fine. Citizens should endorse the GoI’s steps at protecting the small Indian retailer, corner kirana dukan, small shop owners. Strictures should be in place for a very very long time or permanent unless/till there is a complete paradigm shift. Strictures will be reviewed after .. 100 years? Please comment. Someone may also answer a basic query that arises - why fdi is needed at all?, and what is fdi? .. And then ..

And then .. Basic Question Answers for knowledge seeking starters:-
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What is FDI full form?
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - Investopedia
A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a purchase of an interest in a company by a company or an investor located outside its borders. ... Foreign direct investments (FDI) are substantial investments made by a company into a foreign concern.
From somewhere at https://www.investopedia.com

Why is FDI needed?
Why Is FDI Needed in India?
Competitive Market – FDI helps to build a dynamic atmosphere and crack domestic monopolies by encouraging the entrance of international organizations into the domestic market. A stable business climate encourages businesses to consistently develop their products and processes and thereby encourage creativity.
From somewhere at https://www.fdi.finance

What is not a positive of FDI in retail sector?
FDI in Retail Sector - Legal Services India
Initially FDI was not allowed in India in the retail sector because of the fear of the job losses, procurement from international market, competition and loss of entrepreneurial opportunities.
From somewhere at http://www.legalservicesindia.com

Is FDI in retail sector good or bad for India?
FDI in retail: good or bad? - Fortune India
Unarguably, in the long run, FDI in retail will be good for India, but in the short and medium terms the picture is fuzzy. Today, organised retail in India is 5% to 6% of total retail, plus about 12 million kirana shops. The latter still serve much of India, thanks to three factors.
From somewhere at https://www.fortuneindia.com

(PDF) Foreign Direct Investment in Retail Industry in India
The inflow of foreign direct investment has boosted growth in the retail industry and increased the gross domestic product of India. ... But since 2006, there has been a positive change in the government policy thereby allowing foreign companies to invest in India and become an owner.
From somewhere at https://www.researchgate.net

E-Commerce Business Model - PIB
100% FDI under automatic route is permitted in marketplace model of e-commerce. FDI is not permitted in inventory based model of e-commerce.
From https://pib.gov.in Press release

Is FDI permitted in inventory based model?
FDI in E-commerce - TaxGuru
It also said that if a vendor sells more than 25% of its wares through an e-commerce marketplace, the latter will be deemed to have an inventory model, in which FDI is not allowed. ... Such an ownership over the inventory will render the business into inventory-based model.06-May-2020
From somewhere at https://taxguru.in

What is marketplace model and inventory model?
India: FDI In Inventory Based Model - Mondaq
Market Model: It is merely an online platform connecting buyers and sellers and has no inventory of its own. Inventory Model: The marketplace owners owns the products and also manages the complete end-to-end sales process. The inventory of the goods is owned and sold by the e-commerce entity directly to the customers.19-Feb-2019
From somewhere at https://www.mondaq.com

Is FDI allowed in ecommerce?
FDI Regulations That E-commerce Startups Must Know
Under the FDI Policy in India, the Equity/FDI cap on e-commerce activities is set at 100% through the automatic route. However, e-commerce startups and entities should engage only in the Business to Business (B2B) e-commerce and not in the Business to Consumer (B2C) e-commerce.
From somewhere on https://cleartax.in

What are the FDI rules?
Master Circulars - Reserve Bank of India
Foreign investment is freely permitted in almost all sectors. Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) can be made under two routes—Automatic Route and Government Route. Under the Automatic Route, the foreign investor or the Indian company does not require any approval from RBI or Government of India for the investment.
From somewhere on https://www.rbi.org.in

Is FDI allowed in inventory based e-commerce?
FDI Regulations That E-commerce Startups Must Know
The FDI Policy allows 100% FDI under the automatic route for the marketplace model of e-commerce activities. However, FDI is not permitted for the inventory-based model of e-commerce activities.31-May-2021
From somewhere at https://cleartax.in

What is inventory based model?
E-Commerce Business Model - PIB
Inventory based model of e-commerce- Inventory based model of e-commerce means an e-commerce activity where inventory of goods and services is owned by e-commerce entity and is sold to the consumers directly.11-Dec-2019
From https://pib.gov.in Press release

Is Amazon a marketplace or inventory model?
Marketplace or Inventory-Led, which ecommerce model works best?
Hybrid Model
They (Amazon) by scaling much faster, and at one-sixth the cost, have changed the rules of the game.” A mix of marketplace and inventory is a hybrid ecommerce model. It's also called a 'managed marketplace' model. It is adopted by most Indian ecommerce players like Flipkart, Amazon, and Snapdeal.16-Jun-2021
From somewhere at https://indianonlineseller.com

Does Amazon follow inventory model?
What are India's new foreign direct investment rules for e-commerce?
The inventory model, which Walmart and Amazon use in the United States, is where the goods and services are owned by an e-commerce firm that sells directly to retail customers. ... * It means that Amazon and Flipkart can only operate the marketplace model in India.31-Jan-2019
From somewhere at https://www.livemint.com

What is a marketplace example?
What is an online marketplace? | E-commerce terms
An online marketplace is an e-commerce site that connects sellers with buyers. It's often known as an electronic marketplace and all transactions are managed by the website owner. ... Examples of online marketplaces include Amazon, eBay, and Craigslist.
From somewhere at https://www.sana-commerce.com

How does a marketplace model work?
What is a Marketplace Model? How does it work in 2021? - ValueAppz
Vertical marketplace offer products of the same type from various vendors. ... They sell various types of products from different suppliers. The hybrid marketplace has its own products and products from other companies. This gives a platform for participants to complete their transactions.10-Dec-2019
From somewhere at https://www.valueappz.com

What is the difference between marketplace and Marketspace?
Difference Between Marketspace and Marketplace | Compare the .. ..
Marketplace: The marketplace has a physical location, physical buyers, and physical sellers. The transaction occurs by direct negotiations. Marketspace: The marketspace is not required to have a physical location nor physical buyers or sellers. All are electronic based on information and technology infrastructure.04-Jul-2015
From somewhere at https://www.differencebetween.com

How many FDI are in India?
FDI in India: Foreign Direct Investment Policy of India | Invest India
During FY 2020-21, total FDI inflow of $58.37 bn, 22% higher as compared to the first 8 months of 2019-20. FDI equity inflows received during April - November 2020 is $43.85 bn which is 37% more compared to April - November 2020 ($32.11 bn).
From somewhere at https://www.investindia.gov.in

What is FDI in retail sector?
FDI in Retail in India is a Boon or Bane? - Oureducation
FDI in retail industry means that foreign companies in certain categories can sell products through their own retail shop in the country. At present, foreign direct investment (FDI) in pure retailing is not permitted under Indian law. Government of India has allowed FDI in retail of specific brand of products.15-Dec-2020
From somewhere at https://blog.oureducation.in

What are the 4 types of inventory?
What Is Inventory: Types, Examples and Analysis | NetSuite
There are four main types of inventory: raw materials/components, WIP, finished goods and MRO.18-Sep-2020
From somewhere at https://www.netsuite.com

What are the 5 types of inventory?
11 Types of Inventory / Stock | 5 Basic + 1 Trading + 5 Others (Interesting)
5 Basic types of inventories are raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, packing material, and MRO supplies. Inventories are also classified as merchandise and manufacturing inventory.14-Apr-2014
From somewhere at https://efinancemanagement.com

What are the three inventory control models?
Inventory management models and their effects on uncertain demand
Three inventory management models are studied; the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), the Activity-Based Costing (ABC), and Just-in-time (JIT).29-Dec-2016
From somewhere at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org

Is Amazon considered a marketplace?
About Amazon Marketplace | Adobe Commerce 2.4 User Guide
Amazon Marketplace is an e-commerce platform owned and operated by Amazon that enables third-party sellers to sell new or used products. Using Amazon Marketplace, third-party sellers gain access to Amazon's world-wide customer base.30-Jul-2021
From somewhere at https://docs.magento.com

What is pure marketplace?
Your Guide to Pure Play vs. Omnichannel Ecommerce - Shogun
Pure play ecommerce involves businesses that only make sales via their online storefronts. For example, marketplaces like Etsy as well as direct-to-consumer brands like Leesa. Omnichannel ecommerce involves businesses that operate both physical and online storefronts.03-Sep-2020
From somewhere at https://getshogun.com

What is hybrid model in ecommerce?
What is a B2C/B2B Hybrid E-Commerce Platform? | Code95
A hybrid eCommerce solution is an eCommerce platform with some special features that let you manage your business in the two directions of B2C and B2B from one single and unified place.19-Aug-2020
From somewhere at https://code95.com

Does Indiamart follow inventory based model?
Inventory Based E Commerce Portal Development - IndiaMART
We develop Inventory based models which offers you the feature of uploading your own Brand/product inventory i.e. being in control of the products that are sold through your website.
From somewhere at https://www.indiamart.com

How does Amazon manage its inventory?
Inventory Management 101: Essentials for Ecommerce Businesses
How does Amazon inventory work? When sellers choose to use FBA, they automatically gain access to Amazon's machine learning-based inventory management system. This system uses inputs like the cost of goods sold, shipment time, and Amazon data to forecast customer demand and set optimum inventory levels.
From somewhere at https://sell.amazon.com

Can Amazon hold inventory India?
EXCLUSIVE India plans foreign investment rule changes that could .. ..
EXCLUSIVE India plans foreign investment rule changes that could hit Amazon. ... India only allows foreign e-commerce players to operate as a marketplace to connect buyers and sellers. It prohibits them from holding inventories of goods and directly selling them on their platforms.19-Jan-2021
From somewhere at https://www.reuters.com

What is the difference between marketplace and ecommerce?
10 differences between Marketplace and E-commerce you should know
In a marketplace, the products are organized in one well-organized set because it predominantly has various sellers who have their respective list of products. But, on an e-commerce website, the arrangement of the products is based on categories.19-Jun-2018
From somewhere at https://www.kreezalid.com

What is marketplace simple words?
Definition of marketplace - Merriam-Webster
1a : an open square or place in a town where markets or public sales are held. b : market the marketplace is the interpreter of supply and demand. 2 : the world of trade or economic activity : the everyday world.
From somewhere at https://www.merriam-webster.com

What is a eCommerce marketplace?
Online marketplace - Wikipedia
An online marketplace (or online e-commerce marketplace) is a type of e-commerce website where product or service information is provided by multiple third parties. ... These type of websites allow users to register and sell single items to many items for a "post-selling" fee.
From somewhere at https://en.wikipedia.org

What is FDI limit?
FDI limits in various sectors | UPSC | Rauias
FDI up to 26% was also allowed. 2016: FDI under automatic route up to 49%; Above 49% and up to 100% through government route. May 2020: FDI limit in Defence Production has been raised to 74% from existing 49% under Automatic Route.
...
Present FDI Policy.
Sl. No 4
Sector Print Media
FDI Limit 26%
Route Government Route
From somewhere at https://www.rauias.com

What is EOQ model?
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Definition & Formula - Investopedia
Image result
Economic order quantity (EOQ) is the ideal order quantity a company should purchase to minimize inventory costs such as holding costs, shortage costs, and order costs. This production-scheduling model was developed in 1913 by Ford W. ... 1 The formula assumes that demand, ordering, and holding costs all remain constant.08-Mar-2021
From somewhere at https://www.investopedia.com

What is the difference between inventory and stock?
What are the differences between Inventory & Stock?
While stock deals with products that are sold as part of the business's daily operation, inventory includes sale products and the goods and materials used to produce them. ... Inventory takes in account all of the assets a business uses to produce the goods it sells and determines the sale price for the stock.
From somewhere at https://nexxus.eco

Does FDI is a threat for unorganized retail player in India?
FDI in retail sector will have both positive and negative effect if allowed. Both organized and unorganized sector will face adverse competition from global players. ... Organized sector retail outlets in India like pantaloons, reliance cannot compare with the giant let alone the small retailers.
From somewhere.

How does FDI work?
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is when a company takes controlling ownership in a business entity in another country. With FDI, foreign companies are directly involved with day-to-day operations in the other country. This means they aren't just bringing money with them, but also knowledge, skills and technology.
From somewhere.

What are the two types of FDI?
Types of FDI
Horizontal FDI. The most common type of FDI is Horizontal FDI, which primarily revolves around investing funds in a foreign company belonging to the same industry as that owned or operated by the FDI investor. ...
Vertical FDI. ...
Vertical FDI. ...
Conglomerate FDI. ...
Conglomerate FDI.
From somewhere.

What are the 3 types of foreign direct investment?
There are 3 types of FDI:
Horizontal FDI.
Vertical FDI.
Conglomerate FDI.
From somewhere.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of FDI in retail?
Benefits for consumers – FDI in retail implies low prices and better and more variety of products for consumers to choose from. They will also get access to international brands. Induce competition – it will induce competition in the market benefitting both consumers and producers.
From somewhere.
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End of Question Answers that is. These will help us be better informed.
Go via first link in this Post. It is provided again: https://www.reuters.com/article/india-ecommerce-explainer-idINKCN1PP1XS .

Religious Mass Conversion Debate Needed

Anti Conversion Law Demand - Difference

Rajnath Singh, Home Minister that time, was speaking at a function organised by Rashtriya Isai Mahasangh, a Christian body. Minorities demand anti-conversion law in other countries. However, in Hindustan the majority demands there should be an anti-conversion law. This is a matter of concern.

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“.. Singh said one cannot be in power and rule without love. “One can only rule with love. There is no other way,” he added. “I would also say one thing on the Christian community. We do not want to level allegations against anybody. You may have also heard. If somebody wants to accept a religion, he should do that. There should not be any objection to it. But if mass conversion starts happening, large number of people start changing their religion, then it could be a matter of concern for any country,” Singh said.

He said in almost all countries, including Britain and America, minorities demand anti-conversion law. “Here (in India) I see majority demand that there should be an anti-conversion law. Then it is a matter of concern. It should not happen,” Singh said. .. ”

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Find this at http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/we-do-not-discriminate-says-rajnath-singh-demands-debate-on-mass-conversion/story-lQDfBtzTAdWQ3M19FlpoTJ.html .

This is from January 2019.

Cleaning the river Ganga - Government battles for Mother Ganges

From grey to brown and having to bear perpetually increasing sewage torment

Ganga transforms from a crystal clear Himalayan river into toxic sludge in its journey through India. A 3 billion dollar fund was committed over five years to clean-up the Ganges. As per Water Resources Ministry plans to clean the river are on track. Government claims water quality improvement as priority job. But only a tenth of the funds had been used for the project. Land for new treatment plants is not easily available. The United Nations lamented the state governments not complying with orders from courts of the land.

Find the towns and cities and industrial hubs and devotional places of worship lining the Ganges in this article. They have a graphic that depicts sewage flowing into the river from drains - segregated on basis of both left and right banks. It tells also graphically the magnitude of sewage flowing into the river for a quick grasp, say pictorially speaking. This graphic also shows how the colour of the river changes as it trundles along. So when you scroll down quick here on this graphic you grasp the increase in magnitude of amount of total sewage from drains that flows into the river at that place as well as the colour change. It is dramatic? It is appalling for us Indians.

At a place (earlier) as you scroll down the river reveals its journey step by step (along a line - its flow path) till it enters Bangladesh. Further scrolling then starts revealing other river/s and Ganges’ tributaries, and sub tributaries too - eg ones flowing into Yamuna. And further scrolling reveals the population density along the river. Further scrolling reveals the monitoring stations along the river. All along (while you are scrolling) the river and its surrounding region of northern India stays on your screen. Interesting you could say. :-)

Following are the cities, drains pictorially mentioned on this web article as contributors to pollution via untreated sewage (includes treated sewage water? - not sure actually) alongwith the magnitude of the sewage (thickness of arcs):-

Rishikesh, Rambha Drain (Rishikesh), Haridwar, Jagjitpur Drain and SIDCUL (Haridwar), Laksar, Najibabad Sewage Drains, Shukratal, Bijnor (Bijnor Sewage Drain), Chhoiya Drain, Garh, Anupshahr, Gajraula, Babrala, Badaun (Sot River after Badaun Sewage Drain), Permia Drain, Sisamau Drain, Unnao (Loni Drain and City Jail), Kanpur, Dabka Nalla, Pandu River, Rae Bareli, Mirzapur, Prayagraj, Varanasi, Varuna Drain (Varanasi), Buxar, Patna, Munger, Bhagalpur, Kalyani, Halisahar, Hooghly, Naihati, Bhatpara, Barrackpore, Serampore, Titagarh, Rishra, Khardah, Kamarhatti, Baranagar, Bally, Circular Canal and Dahi Ghat (Kolkata), Najerganj Kha (Howrah), Kolkata, Howrah, Uluberia.

Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers converge in the small hill town of Devprayag and the Ganges begins. :-) Pristine “Mother Ganges” Waters become a memory as the 2,525 km-long river flows across northern Indian plains eventually forming a huge delta with Brahmaputra and then into Bay of Bengal. The river and its tributaries are relied upon by millions for drinking, bathing, irrigation. Simultaneously industrial waste and sewage pours in from open drains, turning the river red in places while clouds of toxic foam float on the surface in others.

The Ganges has so many tributaries that the river basin covers Tibet, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. River and its tributaries are a vital water source for 400 million people. Quite a bit of India’s population can be found in the northern belt around the Ganges.

Data about pollutants in chart form by Central Pollution Control Board monitoring stations is provided. At many places where water quality is monitored, levels of human waste render Ganga unsafe for even bathing. Water from many sampling stations contained far in excess of 500 fecal coliform (from human waste) per 100 millilitres, the acceptable limit set by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). As per CPCB water for outdoor bathing should have a biochemical oxygen demand of 3mg/l or less. Almost half monitoring stations reported excessive levels of BOD (used to gauge organic pollution caused by toxic compounds like metals, pesticides and insecticides).

India’s antiquated sewage system is unable to handle the huge amounts of waste and 78% of sewage in India remains untreated. About 4.8 billion litres of sewage from 118 towns and cities flows into the Ganges every day. The functioning capacity to treat sewage is only one billion litres per day. So there is serious sewage management capacity and gap issue.

The river also suffers industrial pollution from units described by CPCB as Grossly Polluting Industries (GPI). There were 961 GPIs along the banks of Ganges in 2017-18 of which 209 are non-compliant with regulations regarding wastewater. Tanneries make up the largest number of grossly polluting industries. They dump low volume of water comparatively but high levels of toxic chemicals used in treatment of hides.

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“.. The race to save the river Ganges ..”

“.. India's holy Ganges begins as a crystal clear river high in the icy Himalayas but pollution and excessive usage transforms it into toxic sludge in places on its journey through burgeoning cities, industrial hubs and past millions of devotees. ..”

“.. In the foothills of the Himalayas, the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers converge in the small hill town of Devprayag. This is where the Ganges begins. By the banks of the river, Hindu priests offer prayers and bathe in the icy water. ..”

“.. Levels of fecal coliform indicate the amount of sewage in the water. .. in 2016, water from 41 of 45 sampling stations that collected coliform data contained in excess of 500 fecal coliform per 100 millilitres, the acceptable limit set by India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The average level measured at Howrah-Shibpur, West Bengal, has reached more than 300 times the Indian government's official limit. ..”

“.. India’s CPCB designates that water suitable for outdoor bathing should have a biochemical oxygen demand of 3mg/l or less. Among 56 sampling stations reporting data, 21 have excessive levels of BOD. ..”

“.. Over three-quarters of the sewage generated in the towns and cities of India’s crowded northern plains flows untreated into the Ganges, according to a National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) presentation seen by Reuters in 2017, which has not been made public. ..”

“.. State administrations have struggled to find land for new treatment plants, while complex tendering processes have put bidders off pitching for new clean-up projects, officials said. ..”

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Find this at https://graphics.reuters.com/INDIA-RIVER/010081TW39P/index.html .

This is from January 2019.

124th Amendment Bill - EWS Quota. Little Benefit.

10% for EWS - Circumspect Efficacy - Who is Beneficiary

What worth India’s reservation system? The efficacy of recently passed 124th Constitution Amendment Bill 2019 - creating 10% quota for economically weaker sections - is circumspect.

This is a private attempt at evaluating potential implications of EWS quota Bill by a Professor at an American University, also Director at NCAER-National Data Innovation Centre. NCAER is National Council of Applied Economic Research

There are deep inequalities prevalent in

i. access to education

ii. jobs based on caste and socio-economic status

Affirmative action or positive discrimination makes sense. Times have also changed over 7 decades. There are considerations of technology amongst others.

The Bill promises 10% reservation to economically backward. And those are? ..  Despite discussions in Parliament, the Bill is silent on various criteria! There are assumptions and there is non-clarity. [Keep it hazy dude, huh?] Will the currently applied criteria for the Other Backward Classes (OBC) creamy layer be applied? And if so, how? OBC creamy layer excludes people who are clearly well off. EWS quota is expected to focus on the poor. Income threshold of ₹8 lakh per annum has been mentioned as a criterion. The National Sample Survey (NSS) of 2011-12 throws some insights. So does India Human Development Survey (IHDS). Even if all other exclusion criteria are applied (e.g. amount of land owned and size of home), the Bill would still cover over 95% of households. So almost no one is excluded.

Counterproductive? Benefits of EWS quota are likely to be minimal. Cost may be higher than anticipated. General category jobs are open to everyone, incl Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and OBC individuals. By removing 10% jobs from the “open” category, it reduces opportunities for currently reserved groups. So what gain? What is solved? OBC reservation is limited to 27% of the seats whereas the OBC population is at least 40%. So now calls for greater OBC reservation will emerge!

Caste certificates: Few non-SC/ST/OBC individuals have a caste certificate. A large number of SC/ST/OBC households report difficulties in obtaining these. How does an individual lay claim? Skill demands of present era outpace supply of candidates in specialised fields, and thus EWS quota increases the constraints. If a vacancy exists for a position under EWS quota and the only suitable candidate happens to be from OBC, they could not be hired. 

The reservation policy should be designed effectively such that we genuinely see an end to entrenched inequalities. Aim should be to make reservations redundant in the next so many years. So what would an effective affirmative action policy look like from the beginning? 50% reservation is indeed very large; at the same time it is blunt more often than not. In spite of reservations, a vast proportion of reserved category applicants do not find a place via UPSC.

Perhaps you could ensure that individuals use their reserved category status only once in their lifetime. So if you use reservation in education then you are not eligible for jobs reservations later. [Yes, that is right. This seems logical. Why is this not mplemented on ground, NII asks?]

Little attention is directed to social inequality in the quality of elementary schooling. We need to focus on reducing inequalities where they first emerge - ‘within primary schools’. The reservation system was developed in a different era. It definitely needs modifications.

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“.. Thus, by removing 10% jobs from the “open” category, it reduces the opportunities for currently reserved groups. Hence, this is by no means a win-win situation. ..”

“.. We have gotten so used to business as usual that we make no effort to sharpen our focus and look for more effective solutions, solutions that would make reservations redundant in 50 years. ..”

“. This implies that if we expect reservations to cure the ills of Indian society, we may have a long wait. .”

“.. One strategy may be to try and spread the benefits of reservations as widely as possible within the existing framework and ensure that individuals use their reserved category status only once in their lifetime. ..”

“.. The challenge we face is that our mindset is so driven by the reservation system that was developed in a different era that we have not had the time or the inclination to think about its success or to examine possible modifications. ..”

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Find this at http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-solution-in-search-of-a-problem/article25962037.ece .

This is from January 2019.

Some more words, tags: Society Ills, Creaking System, Bane, Lopsided Laws, Partiality, Bias. We Must Aim For Meritocracy And Not Idiocracy. Whither India.

NII feels:-

- reservation system is more a burden.

- reservations do not cure the ills of Indian society.

- one may enjoy benefits of reservation only once in lifetime; if you were provided benefit in education, then further benefit of no sort should be made available to you anywhere else any time - jobs or whatever else.

-- -- if your parents got benefit of reservation of any sort then you are now not eligible for any reservation at all. Stop. It is over. OVER. Have some self respect.

Facebook Group Page - Worries and Solutions

Concerns, Issues, Problems, Worries in your Region

 .. India worries about a problem, and then India solves it! 😃  Project National Issues India has a Group Page on Facebook now and its address is http://www.facebook.com/groups/NationalIssuesIndia . One can join and start posting. One can read the ‘Description’ on that Group Page (Classic View please). .. .. One can also read separately the ‘Story’ or ‘About’ Section at FB Page - Click here to take you to FB Page of Project NII . Thanks.

So you can present solutions also apart from highlighting or bringing to notice issues, concerns, problems, worries. You can highlight concerns, issues, problems, worries in your region or any region at large, any state, division, district, tehsil, postal pin code, sub post office, locality, neighbourhood, mohalla. Don't feel limited. Don't feel undeserving or non-deserving. 😲 DO NOT FEEL SHY. DO NOT FEEL HESITANT. Please tell. 😆 Let’s make this a success. Dharm Ki Sthapna, Establishment Of Righteousness. धर्म की स्थापना |

Some Tags: Problems India, Solutions India, India Worries, India Solves, धर्म की स्थापना, Facebook Group, National, Issues, India, Solutions, National Issues, Issues India, Bharat, Hindustan.

About Project National Issues India - Problems and Solutions

National Issues India - Establishment Of Righteousness

Project NII About Section on its Facebook is updated on 5 Oct ’19 and is also presented below verbatim in between symbols <> <> <> <> towards its top and bottom. Thanks. You can also view it straight on NII Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/pg/NationalIssuesIndia/about (you will need to be logged in to your facebook).

<> <> <> <>

National Issues India - Establishment of Righteousness.

Project NII - National Issues India.

National Issues India. Problems, Concerns, Issues, Worries, Solutions. Issues of India including its States, its Districts, all Tehsils, all its Postal Pin Codes, down to Sub Post Offices' areas, further down to mohalla or locality or neighbourhood and still right up to a single individual. Aspiration is to cover each and every individual.

For administrators, legislators all over India and all else all over India (plus Indian diaspora worldwide): Highlighted problems, concerns, issues (with, without solutions) may be sent or referred to concerned administrators, legislators, concerned people.

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‘National Issues India. Provide perspective such that solutions to problems, concerns are understandable, ‘describable’, in sight. Dead ends are passe.’ This is the current tag line for this Project NII.

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Provide perspective. How? That will be told sometime. Establishment of Righteousness?, Dharm Ki Sthapna? Use this Forum.

This is a private initiative. It is not funded from anywhere. We have not been asked to do the same by any entity. We don't gain anything financially or in any other way from this facebook page, its associated facebook group or/and the entire project National Issues India. .. Why are we doing this? It’s our concern.

We are calling this ‘National Issues India’ currently. It's self explanatory.

Ether Domains,

Delhi, India.

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Personal (Owner ED): I am kicked, kiked, abused, I am subjected to slander, false accusations, attempts to murder me are made, physical harm to myself, material harm to my assets has been made / is being caused, and/but I will still do this.

People who have problems with me or my endeavours (that includes the Police of this Country!) can continue to do what they are trying, what they do best - to generate problems (for the righteous), to manufacture obstacles, to create or introduce hurdles. Hawala funded bigots right here around us, mischief makers, jealous good-for-nothing types, offenders, violators, criminals, predators, beasts in human form plus slimy, vile, corrupt, deceitful, conceited and all such characters including petty ones, thieves, masqueraders, rogues, scoundrels can also note - I will carry on with my internet projects.

For concerned citizenry - Establishment of Righteousness is in your mind? Dharm Ki Sthapna is in your mind? Use this Forum.

Trivia: Currently I have assigned Ether Domains to handle the Project. I am one man team. :-) Thank You.

More: 'Provide perspective' is mentioned. Go to http://www.facebook.com/sandyvij/posts/10216550950179824 please and then the YouTube playlist link from therein and then the Blogger link still further on to understand that and more. धर्म की स्थापना |

Sandeep Vij (0 9716082650),

(Founder, Owner,

Ether Domains).

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Above then was the verbatim of the About Section on its Facebook. Thanks all for reading through. You can also view it straightaway at http://www.facebook.com/pg/NationalIssuesIndia/about (link provided again, you will need to be logged in to your facebook).

Project National Issues India YouTube Videos Playlist

Issues, Concerns, Problems, Worries - India and its States

A Playlist on NII has been created (somewhere currently) and is being updated. It is slated to contain relevant videos on the issues, concerns, problems that India faces and that its States face. Visit http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXo31xwxmpf9UPO8qT3ql_h53BSKO1MDP .

The same is embedded below too.

This project NII (National Issues India) will be spread over multiple platforms supporting each other, adding on to each other and the entire project is looking for sponsors. Thank You.

Vatican does little to stop sexual abuse of nuns by priests

Nuns abused by priests in India is known to Vatican

"The Vatican has long been aware of nuns sexually abused by priests and bishops in Asia, Europe, South America and Africa, but it has done very little to stop it, The Associated Press reported last year."

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"Across India, the nuns talk of priests who pushed into their bedrooms

They talk about being groped and kissed by men believed to be representatives of Jesus Christ

At its most grim, the nuns speak of repeated rapes

The stories spill out in the sitting rooms of Catholic convents, where portraits of Jesus keep watch and fans spin quietly overhead. They spill out in church meeting halls bathed in fluorescent lights, and over cups of cheap instant coffee in convent kitchens. Always, the stories come haltingly, quietly. Sometimes, the nuns speak at little more than a whisper."

Find this at http://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/india-s-hidden-years-of-nuns-abused-by-priests-1421846-2019-01-02 .

NCDRC seeks damages from Nestle over false labelling, misleading advertisements

Maggi in soup: Supreme Court revives case against Nestle India

"National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) is seeking damages of Rs 640 crore on charges of unfair trade practices, false labelling and misleading advertisements"

"A bench headed by Justice DY Chandrachud said the report from CFTRI (Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru), where the testing of the Maggi noodle samples was conducted, will form the basis for the proceedings."

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Find this at http://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maggi-in-the-soup-again-supreme-court-revives-case-against-nestle-india-1422690-2019-01-03

"Nestle had to withdraw its instant noodles brand Maggi from the market over allegations of high lead content and presence of MSG (monosodium glutamate)."

Jobs went missing - NSSO Survey

Unemployment in India

"Modi Was Wrong: Jobs Went Missing, Not Jobs Data

India’s unemployment rate stood at a whopping 45-year high of 6.1% in 2017-18, shows an exclusive ‘Business Standard’ report based on a ‘missing’ NSSO survey."

Find this at http://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/jobs-crisis-unemployment-nsso-survey-narendra-modi-bjp-rep_in_5c529329e4b04f8645c7918c .

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"not only did demonetisation not achieve its primary objective of purging black money, it also did significant damage to the Indian economy by squeezing incomes and liquidity."